Thursday 13 August 2015

Revisiting Kurdish autosomal DNA (Eurogenes version)

Updated: 30.12.2015

Today,  I want to present Kurdish results using Eurogenes K13, presented on GEDmatch.com. Thanks to all the contributors of this post. This is an update of the previous experiment with using a different calculator and more individuals included. The calculator is supposed to be without calculator effect, thus it should present more clear results.

Kurdish sub-groups
Êzidî: 1
Feyli: 4
Kurmanji: 22
Sorani: 11
Zazaki: 18

Neighbouring peoples
Armenian: 20
Assyrian: 11
samples

ADMIXTURE results using Eurogenes K13. (Population Averages)

There is not much difference between sub-groups other than expected gradual variation by the geography. Overall they're pretty close. Feylis score the highest West+South Asian additionally the lowest West Med+North Atlantic. As shown at previous experiments, It is really hard to distinguish between Kurmanjis and Zazakis from overall admixture makeup so I'll take them as one. While Zazakis are just a hair lower, Kurmanjis score the highest North Atlantic+West Med and the lowest Red Sea, while Zazakis score the lowest South Asian, again Kurmanjis follow Zazakis just a hair behind. Kurmanjis, Soranis, Zazakis score similar level of Baltic admixture.


Feylis= Southern
Sorani = Central, Eastern, Southern
Kurmanji = Northern, North-eastern, North-western, Western, Far-western, additionally Central Anatolia and Xorasan exclaves
Zazaki = Far-Western, North-western, North-eastern, Western


Distances between Kurdish groups and their neighbours:

Kurds_F Kurds_S Kurds_E Kurds_K Kurds_Z Iranians Armenians  Assyrians Turkish
Kurds_F 0 3.9 4.1 4.6 4.5 3.1 13.3 13.6 14.9
Kurds_S 3.7 0 3.3 2.4 2.4 4.0 11.2 12.0 11.6
Kurds_E 4.1 3.3 0 3.5 2.9 5.6 9.9 10.9 12.7
Kurds_K 4.9 2.4 3.5 0 1.3 5.8 10.7 12.2 10.8
Kurds_Z 4.4 2.4 2.9 1.3 0 5.6 10.2 11.4 11.3
Iranians 3.1 4.0 5.6 5.8 5.6 0 13.9 13.8 14.2
Armenians 13.4 11.2 9.9 10.7 10.2 13.9 0 4.2 11.4
Assyrians 13.8 12.0 10.9 12.2 11.4 13.8 4.2 0 13.2
Turkish 14.9 11.6 12.7 10.8 11.3 14.2 11.4 13.2 0

Overall the closest people to Kurdish groups are their linguistic cousins, Iranians. Then Armenians, Assyrians, Turks. Syrians, Iraqis, Georgians are quite distant from Kurds hence excluded.

Despite having different religious beliefs and divided by international borders, Kurds are genetically quite homogeneous. When comparing Kurdish groups with their neighbours, there is no any sub clusters appear because of aforementioned reason. They all fall in the same cluster except a few admixed individuals. Therefore, We need to exclude neighbours to get finer details.

There are only 3 sub-clusters when all samples are considered(n=56). #2 seems like individuals with recent Armenian/-like ancestry. Thanks to more samples, this time division between  clusters is finer and there is no clear cut borders like previous experiment. We can say first group is merely Northern or second group is merely Southern. Because both clusters have all Kurdish groups:

#1 Northern/Western
#2 Individuals with recent foreign admixture
#3 Southern/Eastern
(see Results by class: )


Distances between the class centroids:

1
2
3
1
0
7.1
4.4
2
7.1
0
7.0
3
4.4
7.0
0



Class centroids:
Class
1
2
3
North Atlantic
3.9
3.7
2.5
Baltic
3.9
2.0
5.7
West Med
7.4
9.2
7.0
West Asian
40.4
38.1
37.5
East Med
29.1
34.8
30.4
Red Sea
5.1
4.3
6.1
South Asian
7.4
5.7
8.2
East Asian
0.4
0.3
0.3
Siberian
1.0
0.5
0.9
Amerindian
0.7
0.6
0.6
Oceanian
0.2
0.2
0.2
Northeast African
0.4
0
0.3
Sub Saharan
0.1
0.6
0.3

Results by class:
Class
       1
2
3
KRD000K
 KRD002K
 KRD003K
KRD005K
KRD012Z
KRD006K
KRD007K
KRD019K
KRD038K
KRD033K
KRD044K
KRD051K
KRD063K
KRD060K
KRD091K
KRD093K
KRD100K
KRD098K
KRD158K
KRD116K
KRD184K
KRD166K
KRD045E
KRD185K
KRD008Z
KRD001Z
KRD058Z
KRD004Z
KRD059Z
KRD039Z
KRD064Z
KRD048Z
KRD070Z
KRD077Z
KRD072Z
KRD078Z
KRD076Z
KRD086Z
KRD101Z
KRD029S
KRD102Z
KRD032S
KRD104Z
KRD047S
KRD030S
KRD061S
KRD031S
KRD089S
KRD138S
KRD092S
KRD192S
KRD148S
KRD036F
KRD034F
Kurds_E
KRD035F
Kurds_K
KRD090F
Kurds_Z
Kurds_F
Kurds_S





Same dendrogram instead of ID codes, member's locations



Click image to expand

Partly admixed individuals:

Euclidean distance:
KRD002K 
KRD012Z
ARM13
ARM19
ASY08
ARM
6,2
6,0
4,9
6,8
5,1
ASY
8,9
6,7
7,3
8,3
4,6
Kurds_F
10,0
8,2
10,8
9,2
9,7
Kurds_S
8,1
7,0
8,5
7,4
8,1
Kurds_E
6,3
4,9
7,7
6,8
7,1
Kurds_K
6.9
7,0
7,4
6,7
8,3
Kurds_Z
6,7
6,1
7.0
6,0
7,5

Participant Map:

15 comments:

  1. Impressive Post again, i have quite a few questions but i start with this one, about the South Asian component, is it the Mix of ANI ASI which i suspect or the Modal South Indian one?.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It's definitely more West Eurasian admixed than the one in Dodecad K12b and Harappa.

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    2. Just as i thought, thank you. I also wonder on the great HG diversity that the Kurdish people show, they also show very basal branches, so if someone asks you what should be the ''original'' HG group of the Kurdish people,which HG's you will think of? i think R1b will be there likely.

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    3. It's nothing but a speculation from my part at this point without ancient DNA but R1a, R1b, J2 would be in my proto-Kurdish package Whom Kurdified E1b1b, G, J1, T folks.

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    4. I have the same idea, why do you think J2 is not found so far from the Steppe Samples of Bronze Age? though its found from Iron age Russian Sites.

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    5. I think J2 was lurking around Central Asia and Iranian plateau back then.

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    6. MfA,
      Is there going to be any aDNA study in Kurdistan in the near future?.

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    7. There is a project running by University of Huddersfield. But no update since 2012.

      http://www.hud.ac.uk/news/allstories/thednaofkurdistan.php

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    8. Thank you so much for the reference, why do you think its paused? lack of funding and political matters?.
      By 100%, Kurdistan holds the key to unlock the mystery of PIE folks, in my opinion and aDNA from there will bear massive implications.

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    9. I've sent an e-mail to the project heading prof, waiting his reply.

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    10. MfA,
      I wait very eagerly to know .

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    11. Nothing come up yet. You can also him: m.b.richards@hud.ac.uk

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    12. Ok, i will try to contact!.

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    13. Ok, So what happened is that the project got blocked as the Brit students who were working denied to stay long there in Kurdistan, there was no common ground achieved, but don't worry i have some proposals, will tell you after confirmation :).

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